中考英语高频考点分析

时间:2024-11-10 09:44:43 来源:作文网 作者:管理员

在英语里,可以用作定语的成分很多。单词、分词短语、介词短语、动词不定式、从句,都可用作定语。单词作定语一般放在被修饰语前面,其它定语一般放在后面。汉语里,定语一般放在被修饰语前面。因此学生在用的时候经常出错。

一、单词作定语放于被修饰语之前

(1)形容词性物主代词作定语。如:my book,his books.

(3)名词作定语。名词单数作定语。如:an apple tree,two apple trees.

表性别时随着被修饰词的单复数改变而改变。如:a manส worker,two men workers.

二、介词短语作定语放于被修饰词之后

(1)of引导的介词短语。如:the development of China中国的发展。

(2)with引导的介유词短语。如:dumpings with meat肉馅的饺子。

(3)in引导的介词短语。如the girl in red穿红衣服的女孩。

(4)方位介词引导的介词短语。如:the bird in the tree树上的那只小鸟。

三、动词作定语

(1)不定式作定语。①不定式作定语常用于不定代词或被the first/next/only/last等修饰的名词和其他一些名词、代词之后。其中,不定式的一般式通常表示一个将来或经常性的动作,完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。例如:She is always the first (one)to come and the last to leave;②如果作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词有动宾关系,在不及物动词后通常要加上适当的介词。例如:Let's first find a room to live in / to put the things in.We have nothing to worry about.(=There is nothing for us to worry abou,t.);③不定式作定语修饰一个在逻辑上是其宾语名词时,若在句子中能找到该不定式的逻辑主语,则该不定式多用主动表被动,否则,用被动式。例如:I have a lot of things to do today.(I…do…things)在there be句型中,有时用主动式或被动式意思不同。比较:There is nothing to do at present.(=We have nothing to do at present.)

There is nothing to be done at present.(= We can do nothing at present.)

(2)-ing分词作定语。① 单个的-ing分词作定语一般前置,说明名词的性质、特征或用途等,-ing短语作定语一般后置;强调动作的单个-ing分词也常后置。例如:a sleeping car(= a car for sleeping )The girl singing is my classmate;②-ing分词作定语一般要求其动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或是在说话时该动作正在进行,否则,要用从句作定语。例如:Do you know the boy talking (=who is talking) to the teacher?

(3)过去分词作定语。过去分词作定语一般表示一个被动或已完成动作,-ing分词表示一个主动或正在进行的动作,例如:a developed/developing country He is a stud☂ent loved by all the teachers.

(4)像定语从句一样,分词作定语也有非限制性的,其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。例如:The students,wearing their school uniforms,ran into the playground.

四、定语从句

在复合句中,修饰一个名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的词叫关联词,包含关系代词和关系副词。

(1)当先行词是人时,关系词为用who,whom,whose,that The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.

(2)当先行词是物时,关系代词为用which 或that.I like music that I can dance to.

(3)用that不用which的一些特殊情况。①先行词为all,much,little,something,anything,everything,nothing等Is there anything (that) I can do for you?②先行词前有形容词最高级修饰This is the most exciting report that I have ever read.③先行词前有first,last,next,only,very,all,any等词修饰The first step (that) we are to take is very difficult.

(4)先行词同时含有“人ญ”和“物”时,用that 不用which,也不用who/whom,He talked about the people and the books that interested him.

(5)关系副词when, where, why。用关系副词when时,它的先行词是表示时间的名词,用where时先行词是表示地点的名词,而用why时它的先行词只可能是reason,使用时应注意以下几点:①关系代词的选择主要是看先行词在从句中所作的成分,This is the city where I was born.This is the city (which/that) he has visited;②关系副词when,where,why可由“介词+which”的结构来替代He left the day on which I came.

学生在掌握了一些定语的构成之后,对于在考试中出现的任务型阅读题中的汉译英部分和书面表达,都能很好地应对。


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