谈翻译应符合外语的表达习惯

谈翻译应符合外语的表达习惯 谈翻译应符合外语的表达习惯谈翻译应符合外语的表达习惯 精品源自化学科

翻译现在正经历一种转折: 从属于语言学层面的字面移译逐步转向文化层面的阐释和再现。英汉翻译如此, 汉英翻译也是一样。

它并非词与词、句与句的简单对等翻译,而是反映理解和接受意义的思维过程。一个种族的表达习惯是长期思维习惯的结果。汉英语族的思维习惯不同,因此表达习惯也不同,这是造成中国式英语的重要原因。在翻译过程中不能只拘泥于句子的语法形式而忽略表达习惯。因为有些句子翻译成英语后可能完全符合语法形式, 但若仔细体会,却可反映汉英思维方式和表达习惯的不同。

一、汉语先叙述某件事情,再表达自己的感觉。而英语通常先说出感觉再叙事。

1、答不出这个问题,我觉得很难堪。

汉语表达习惯 :Because I ฟcouldn’t answer this question , I felt ashamed.

英语表达习惯 : I felt ashamed of not bEing able to answer the question.

2、玛丽没有被邀请,所以很失望。

汉: Because she was not invited, Mary was disappointed.

英: Mary was disappointed that she was not invited.

3、他这样对待我, 我很生气。

汉: The way he treated me made me angry.

英: I was angry at the way he treated me.

二、和对于英语语族的人来说, 汉语语族人喜欢用动词表达自己,而英语族人注重抽象思维, 常化动为静

名词化是英语语言的一个重ผ要特征。

1、因为有桩生意要做,所以我进城了。

汉:Because I had some business, I went to town.

英:Business took me to town.

2、我们经常在家和地铁站之间来往。

汉: We usually walk to or from subway.

英: Our usual walk was to or from the subway.

3、参观了位于茂物的国家博物馆和植物园后, 我们就结束了这次的旅程。

汉: After we visited the National Museum and the Botanical Gardens at Bogor, we completed our tour.

英:Tอhe National Museum and the Botanical Gardens at Bogor completed our visit.

三、汉语中经常会看到无主句, 而英语强调以主体为中心。 因此, 翻译时应添加必要的主体词

1、没有良好的习惯, 就不能在英语上取得很大的进步。

Without good habit, you can’t make a great progress in English.

2、当时几乎不可能回到那家旅馆。

It was impossible to return to that hotel at that time

四、汉语中经常主客体交融, 而英语中事物所属关系清晰

1、这两幢楼的外表很相似。

汉: These two buildings appearances are similar.

英: These two buildings are similar in appearance to each other.

2、孩子们的岁数从5 岁到7 岁不等。

汉:The children’s age ranges from 5 to 7.

英:The children’s range in age is from 5 to 7.

五、汉语句式描述在前总结在后,而翻译成英语后变成总结在前, 描述在后

1、居然还有学生在考试之前踢足球, 这似乎令人难以置信。

汉:There were some students still playing football before exam. This

seemed incredible.

英: It seemed incredible that some students still played football before exam.

2、拳击尚未开始, 对手就故意认输了, 这还是第一次。

汉:Before the bout began the fighter was to take a dive. This was the first time.

英: It was the first time the fighter was taken a dive even befor☁e the bout began.

六、汉语的句式中,指代词通常指代前面所提到的名词, 而英语句式则不然

1、当约翰18 岁的时候, 他的第一本书就发表了。

汉:When John was 18, he had his first book published.

英:When he was 18, John had his first book published.

2、在约翰写的《健康》一书中, 他指出健康是一个人将来成功的基础。

汉: On John’s book《On Health》, he points out that health is the foundation of one’s future success.

英:On his book《On Health》,John points out that health is the foundation of one’s future success.

种种迹象表面说明,只是追求表面形式的对应而忽略英文表达习惯,学生的思维是不可能跳出底层次的语言形ซ式层面而进入高级的语义和逻辑层面。因此,在教学过程中有必要让学生充分意识到追求表面形式的局限性。