锦江河斑鳜繁殖生物学的初步研究
摘要:为研究斑鳜(Siniperca scherzeri Steindachner)的繁殖生物学,对铜仁市锦江河采集的42尾斑鳜样本进行了生物学指标测定。结果表明,4~9月为其繁殖期,雌性性成熟年龄为Ⅱ龄,雄性性成熟年龄为Ⅰ龄;同性别未成熟的斑鳜,其性腺重、脏体比和成熟系数随年龄的增长而增大;雌、雄鱼的性腺重、脏体比和成熟系数在处于生殖期而又未产卵或排精的个体于Ⅲ龄以上亲鱼达到高峰;该鱼产卵类型属于分批产卵型;绝对怀卵量随着体长、体重的增加而有所增加,当雌鱼达到一定体重后相对怀卵量有所下降。
关键词:斑鳜(Siniperca scherzeri Steindachner);繁殖生物学;成熟系数;脏体比;怀卵量
Preliminary Studies on Reproductive Biology of Siniperca scherzeri in Jinjiang River
RAN Huia,b,LIANG Zheng-qia,b,ZHOU Yia
(a.College of Biological & Agricฐulture-Forestry Engineering; b.Research Center for Conservation and Utilization of Wildlife Resources in Fanjing Mountain, Tongren University, Tongren 554300, Guizhou, China)
Abstract:Siniperca scherzeri Steindachner is a commercially valued species that naturally lives in the Jinjiang River. In order to study the reproductive biology of S. scherzer, 42 mature individuals collected from the Jinjiang River in Tongren city were studied. The results showed that the main spawning season of S. scherzeri population took place from April to September. Female sexual maturit✎y was at the age of II years. Male sexual maturity was at the winter of age I. The gonad weight, organ-body ratio and coefficient of maturity generally increased with increase of age at the same before reproduction. The gonad weight, organ-body ratio and coefficient of maturity reached to the peak value in age III of females and males in breeding season but before lay eggs or spermiation. The spawning type of S. scherzeri belongs to batch spawning type. The absolute fecundity of S. scherzeri increased with the increase of body シlength and body weight. When females reached a certain weight, its relative fecundity declined.
Key words:Siniperca scherzeri Steindachner; reproductive biology; gonadosomatic index (GSI); organ-body ratio; fecundity
1.1 试验材料
1.3 数据处理
将测量数据分不同年龄组进行统计,计算斑鳜的绝对怀卵量(F)、相对怀卵量(FW)、脏体比(VSI)、成熟系数(GSI)[14]。脏体比=(内脏重/体重)×100%;成熟系数=(性腺重/去内脏体重)×100%
2 结果与分析
2.1 斑鳜的雌雄鉴别
42尾斑鳜标本中,有雌鱼22尾,雄鱼20尾。繁殖季节成熟的雌鱼体型显著大于雄鱼,雄鱼臀鳍前有一明显生殖突,生殖孔微红且膨大。雌鱼体型短粗,腹部膨大、柔软,卵巢轮廓清晰,生殖孔圆而红肿,略向外突出,无生殖突。雄鱼下颌前段呈尖角形,超过上颌很多,即下颌长而尖;雌鱼的下颌前端呈圆弧形,超过上颌不多,即下颌短而钝。雄鱼腹部有2个孔,一个是肛门۵,另一个是尿殖孔,输精排尿共用,尿殖孔圆形。雌鱼腹部有3个孔,即生殖孔、肛门、尿孔。生殖孔呈“一”字形,位于肛门和尿孔之间。
2.2 不同年龄斑鳜卵巢成熟度
2.3 斑鳜的性成熟年龄与繁殖季节
从雌性斑鳜的卵巢发育看,Ⅰ龄鱼卵巢全部处于Ⅱ期,4月采集的Ⅱ龄鱼卵巢处于Ⅳ期,因此,雌性斑鳜性成熟年龄为Ⅱ龄。在解剖的雄性斑鳜中,4月采集的Ⅰ龄鱼精巢处于Ⅲ期,并在向Ⅳ期发展,11月采集的Ⅱ龄鱼精巢处于排精后的Ⅲ期,说明雄性斑鳜性成熟年龄为Ⅰ龄。
2.4 雌雄斑鳜的性腺重、脏体比和成熟系数
2.5 斑鳜的怀卵Σ量、卵的特征和产卵类型
3 小结与讨论
3.1 个体怀卵量与繁殖策略
锦江河斑鳜雌性性成熟年龄为Ⅱ龄,雄性性成熟年龄为Ⅰ龄,繁殖期为4~9月。在未生殖过之前,同性别的斑鳜,其性腺重、脏体比和成熟系数一般都随年龄的增长而增大;雌雄鱼的性腺重、脏体比和成熟系数在处于生殖期而又未产卵或排精的Ⅲ龄以上亲鱼达到高峰。斑鳜的绝对怀卵量随着体长、体重的增加而有所增加,当雌鱼达到一定体重后相对怀卵量有所下降,其产卵类型属于分批产卵型。
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