on,the,night,of,july
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第一篇:《UNIT 1 THE FOURTH OF JULY课文翻译》
UNIT 1 THE FOURTH OF JULY
Audre Lorde
1 The first time I went to Washington D.C. was on the edge of the summer when I was supposed to stop being a child. At least that's what they said to us all at graduation from the eighth grade. My sister Phyllis graduated at the same time from high school. I don’t know what she was supposed to stop being. But as graduation presents for us both, the whole family took a Fourth of July trip to Washington D.C., the fabled and famous capital of our country.
Detailed Reading
2 It was the first time I'd ever been on a railroad train during the day. When I was little, and we used to go to the Connecticut shore, we always went at night on the milk train, because it was cheaper.
3. Preparations were in the air around our house before school was even over. We packed for a week. There were two very large suitcases that my father carried, and a box filled with food. In fact, my first trip to Washington was a mobile feast; I started eating as soon as we were comfortably ensconced in our seats, and did not stop until somewhere after Philadelphia. I remember it was Philadelphia because I was disappointed not to have passed by the Liberty Bell.
4. My mother had roasted two chickens and cut them up into dainty bite-size pieces. She packed slices of brown bread and butter, and green pepper and carrot sticks. There were little violently yellow iced cakes with scalloped edges called "marigolds," that came from Cushman's Bakery. There was a spice bun and rock-cakes from Newton's, the West Indian bakery across Lenox Avenue from St. Mark's school, and iced tea in a wrapped mayonnaise jar. There were sweet pickles for us and dill pickles for my father, and peaches with the fuzz still on them, individually wrapped to keep them from bruising. And, for neatness, there were piles of napkins and a little tin box with a washcloth dampened with rosewater and glycerine for wiping sticky mouths.
5. I wanted to eat in the dining car because I had read all about them, but my mother reminded me for the umpteenth time that dining car food always cost too much money and besides, you never could tell whose hands had been playing all over that food, nor where those same hands had been just before. My mother never mentioned that Black people were not allowed into railroad dining cars headed south in 1947. As usual, whatever my mother did not like and could not change, she ignored. Perhaps it would go away, deprived of her attention.
6. I learned later that Phyllis's high school senior class trip had been to Washington, but the nuns had given her back her deposit in private, explaining to her that the class, all of whom were white, except Phyllis, would be staying in a hotel where Phyllis "would not be happy," meaning, Daddy explained to her, also in private, that they did not rent rooms to Negroes. "We still take among-you to Washington, ourselves, "my father had avowed, "and not just for an overnight in some measly fleabag hotel."
7. In Washington D.C., we had one large room with two double beds and an extra cot for me. It was a back-street hotel that belonged to a friend of my father's who was in real estate, and I spent the whole next day after Mass squinting up at the Lincoln Memorial where Marian Anderson had sung after the D.A.R. refused to allow her to sing in their auditorium because she was Black. Or because s关于励志的成语he was "Colored", my father said as he told us the story. Except that what
he probably said was "Negro", because for his times, my father was quite progressive.
8. I was squinting because I was in that silent agony that characterized all of my childhood summers, from the time school let out in June to the end of July, brought about by my dilated and vulnerable eyes exposed to the summer brightness.
9. I viewed Julys through an agonizing corolla of dazzling whiteness and I always hated the Fourth of July, even before I came to realize the travesty such a celebration was for Black people in this country.
10. My parents did not approve of sunglasses, nor of their expense.
11. I spent the afternoon squinting up at monuments to freedom and past presidencies and democracy, and wondering why the light and heat were both so much stronger in Washington
D.C., than back home in New York City. Even the pavement on the streets was a shade lighter in color than back home.
12. Late that Washington afternoon my family and I walked back down Pennsylvania Avenue. We were a proper caravan, mother bright and father brown, the three of us girls step-standards in-between. Moved by our historical surroundings and the heat of early evening, my father decreed yet another treat. He had a great sense of history, a flair for the quietly dramatic and the sense of specialness of an occasion and a trip.
13. "Shall we stop and have a little something to cool off, Lin? "
14. Two blocks 关于廉洁的名言警句away from our hotel, the family stopped for a dish of vanilla ice cream at a Breyer's ice cream and soda fountain. Indoors, the soda fountain was dim and fan-cooled, deliciously relieving to my scorched eyes.
15. Corded and crisp and pinafored, the five of us seated ourselves one by one at the counter. There was I between my mother and father, and my two sisters on the other side of my mother. We settled ourselves along the white mottled marble counter, and when the waitress spoke at first no one understood what she was saying, and so the five of us just sat there.
16. The waitress moved along the line of us closer to my father and spoke again. "I said I kin give you to take out, but you can't eat here, sorry." Then she dropped her eyes looking very embarrassed, and suddenly we heard what it was she was saying all at the same time, loud and clear.
17. Straight-backed and indignant, one by one, my family and I got down from the counter stools and turned around and marched out of the store, quiet and outraged, as if we had never been Black before. No one would answer my emphatic questions with anything other than a guilty silence. "But we hadn't done anything!" This wasn't right or fair! Hadn't I written poems about freedom and democracy for all?
18. My parents wouldn't speak of this injustice, not because they had contributed to it, but because they felt they should have anticipated it and avoided it. This made me even angrier. My fury was not going to be acknowledged by a like fury. Even my two sisters copied my parents' pretense that nothing unusual and anti-American had occurred. I was left to write my angry letter to the president of the United States all by myself, although my father did promise I could type it out on the office typewriter next week, after I showed it to him in my copybook diary.
19. The waitress was white, and the counter was white, and the ice cream I never ate in Washington D.C., that summer I left childhood was white, and the white heat and the white pavement and the white stone monuments of my first Washington summer made me sick to my stomach for the whole rest of that trip and it wasn't much of a graduation present after all.
1. 我第一次去华盛顿是在那年刚入夏，这个夏天也是我从此告别孩提时代的开始。至少，这是他们在我们八年级毕业时对大家这么说的。我的姐姐菲利丝同时从高中毕业。我不清楚她应该告别什么阶段。不过，作为给我们俩毕业的礼物，全家人于七月四日赴华盛顿旅游，前往我们国家寓言般的、闻名遐迩的首都。
2. 那是我第一次大白天乘火车。小时候，我们常去康涅狄格海边，我们总是晚上搭乘运送牛奶的火车，因为车票更便宜。
3. 早在放假前，家里就洋溢着准备出发的气氛。我们打包就花了一个星期。有两个很大的箱子，是爸爸拿的，还有一个装满食品的盒子。事实上，我的那第一次前往华盛顿的旅途是个流动的宴席；舒舒服服地在座位上刚坐下来，我就开吃了，一直吃到火车抵达费城附近的地方。我记得那是费城，是因为没有路过自由大钟而感到失望的缘故。
4. 我妈妈烤了两只鸡，还将它们很漂亮地切成一口一块那么大小。她带了黑面包片、黄油、青椒和胡萝卜条；还有那边上点缀着叫做“万寿菊”的有点儿黄黄的冰镇蛋糕，是从库什曼面包房买来的。有在牛顿店里买来的辣面包卷和硬饼，就是在伦诺克斯大街圣马可学校对面的那家西部印第安面包房。有包裹得好好的灌在色拉酱瓶里的冰茶。有给我们吃的甜泡菜，有给爸爸吃的小茴香泡菜，还有长着绒毛的桃子，每一只都分开来包，以免碰伤。此外，为了整洁，还有一沓沓的餐巾，一块放在小铁盒子里浸泡着玫瑰水和甘油的小毛巾，擦黏糊糊的嘴巴用的。
5. 我想要到餐车去吃饭，因为我阅读过这方面的内容。但是，妈妈已经无数次地提醒过我，在餐车里吃饭要花很多钱，而且还不知道那些吃的东西出自于什么人的手，也不知道那双手刚碰过什么东西。妈妈从来不提及，1947年开往南方的火车上，黑人是不准进餐车的。一如既往，凡是妈妈不喜欢的东西和不能改变的事情，她一概不予理睬。也许因为得不到她的关注，这种事情就会消失。
6. 我后来获悉，菲利丝高三班级的旅游也是去华盛顿，但是那几个嬷嬷悄悄地把她交的预付款退还给她，对她解释说，除了她，全班都是白人学生。他们要待在一家旅馆里，菲利丝在那儿会“不开心的”，意思是说他们不租房间给黑人，爸爸也是这么悄悄地对她解释的。“我们还是要带你们去华盛顿的，我们自己去，”爸爸信誓旦旦，“而且远不止住在便宜肮脏的旅馆里待一个晚上。”
7. 在华盛顿，我们有一间大房间，两张双人床，外加一张给我的儿童床。那是一家位于后街的旅馆，店主是爸爸的朋友，此人从事房地产业。第二天做完弥撒之后，我便一整天眯起眼睛抬头仰望林肯纪念堂。在这里玛丽安·安德森放声高歌，之前美国革命女儿会因为她是黑人拒绝她在他们的礼堂歌唱。或许就因为她是“有色的”，就像爸爸给我们讲这个故事的时候那么说的。要么他很可能说的是“黑人(Negro)”，因为在当时我父亲是相当进步的。
8. 我眯起双眼，因为我默默承受着自己童年时代每年夏天都要承受的痛苦，从六月底学校放假开始到七月底。这个痛苦是因为在夏日的强光下张大眼睛受到伤害而造成的。
9. 我是通过一层令人痛苦的圆环状的耀眼强光看见七月份的。我一直痛恨七月四日，甚至在我意识到这种骗人的鬼话之前：这种庆祝是为这个国家的黑人的。
10. 我的父母不认可太阳眼镜，也接受不了太阳镜的价格。
11. 整个下午我眯起双眼抬头张望那些自由、逝去的总统以及民主的纪念碑，心想为什么华盛顿的光线和热量要比在纽约家乡强得多，甚至街上人行道的颜色也比家里的要白一些。
12. 在华盛顿一天下午黄昏的时候，我和家人沿着宾夕法尼亚大道往回走。我们俨然一个旅行团，妈妈白晳亮丽，爸爸棕色皮肤，我们三个女孩的肤色介于两者之间，由浅至深。受到周围历史气氛和黄昏热浪的影响，爸爸决定再次请客。他有很强的历史感，他天生有种并不张扬的戏剧性，而且对场景和旅行有种特殊的感触。
13. “我们停下来吃些东西凉快凉快好吗，琳？”
14. 离我们住的旅馆两个街区之遥，我们一家人停下脚步，在一家布雷耶冰淇淋和汽水店买了一盘冰淇淋。室内，柜台光线昏暗，电扇下凉风习习，让我被强光照耀的双眼感到轻松多了。
15. 我们的座位用绳子连在一起，个个神清气爽，围着餐巾，五个人并排在柜台前坐下。我在爸爸和妈妈中间，两个姐姐在妈妈的另一边。我们一字排开，靠着带有花纹的大理石柜台坐下。女服务员张口说话，一开始谁也没听懂她在说什么，于是我们五个人就坐在那儿。
16. 女服务员沿着我们向爸爸走去，再次说道，“我刚才说可以让你们外带，但是你们不能在这儿吃，对不起。”然后，她垂下双眼，一副尴尬的样子。我们突然听见她说的话了，同时听见的，响亮清晰。
17. 挺起胸膛，义愤填膺，我和家人一个接一个地从柜台前的凳子上站起身来，转身大步跨出店堂，一言不发，但怒火中烧，似乎我们以前从来就不是黑人。我加重语气地说道，“我们什么也没有做呀!”就是不对，不公平呀!难道我没有写过所有人都该享有自由写景作文450字民主的诗歌吗？除了因愧疚而默默无声，谁也没有对我的问题做出应答。
18. 我的爸爸妈妈对不公正缄默无语，不是因为他们对此有什么责任，而是因为他们觉得本应该早有预料，并应该加以避免的。这让我更加愤怒。我的怒火并没人认可，也没人像我一样愤怒。连我那两个姐姐也随着爸爸妈妈，装作没有发生过什么非同寻常、反美国的事情。那只好由我自己来给美国总统写封信，表达自己的愤怒。不过，我给爸爸看了我写在练习簿的信之后，他保证我下周可以在他的办公室打字机上将信打出来。
19 那个女服务员是个白人，那张柜台是白色的，那份我从来没在华盛顿吃的冰淇淋，以及我告别了童年的夏天都是白色的。还有那年夏天我第一次去华盛顿的白色的热浪、白色的人行道和白色的石柱纪念碑在接下来的旅程中让我恶心。那可算不上一件毕业礼物啊。
第二篇:《初中 介词讲解及练习题》
介 词 教师用
介词是一种虚词，它不能单独担任句子成分，必须与名词或代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句构成介词短语，才能担任句子成分。
1、介词的种类
介词由词形上可分为简单介词和短语介词。
简单介词知识一个单词，如：in，on，after等。
短语介词是由两个以上单词集合而成，如：out of，in front of，because of，instead of等。
1、 表示时间的介词
表示“时间”的介词如下：
① 表示年、月、日、时刻等用at，in，on
② 表示时间的前后用before，after
③ 表示期限等用by，until，till
④ 表示期间等用for，during，through
⑤ 表示时间的起点等用from，since
⑥ 表示时间的经过等用in，within
（1） at，on，in
A. at：用于表示时刻、时间的某一点
at lunch在午饭时 at breakfast早餐时 at noon正午时 at that time那时
at night在夜间 at the moment此刻，目前 at present目前 at nine（o’clock）在九点钟 at first开始的时候，起初 at/on the weekend在周末 at last最后 at the same time同时 at times偶尔，有时 at the end of 1999在1999年末 at this time of（the）year在一年中的这个时候 We usually have lunch at noon/ at twelve.我们通常中午吃午饭（十二点吃午饭）
注意：表示时间的名词前有this，last，next，every等修饰时，其前面不加介词。this morning今天早上；last Monday上周一；every week每周
B. on用于表示某天，某一天的上、下午（指具体的某一时，一律用on）
on Monday在周一
on Tuesday morning在周二早上
on June 6在6月6日
on May 4,1996在1996年5月4日
on a cold night在一个寒冷的夜晚
on that day在那天
on Christmas Day在圣诞节那天
on time准时
on Monday evening在周一晚上
on the night of July（the）first在七月一日的夜晚 突破自我we didn’t listen to the lecture on Wednesday afternoon.周三下午我们没去听演讲。
C. in用于表示周、月、 季节、年和泛指的上午、下午、晚上（指在一段时间内）。
in the week在这周 in the holiday在假期中 in May 在五月 in summer在夏季
in Spring在春季 in autumn 在秋季 in 1995在1995 in winter在冬季
in September，1995在1995年9月
in the morning在上午
in the afternoon在下午
in the evening在晚上
in the 21st century在二十一世纪
in time及时 in an hour一个小时后 in a minute一会儿，立刻
Jack was about to lock the door when just in time he remembered his key.
杰克正要锁门，忽然（正在那时他及时）想起了他要拿门钥匙。
The plane took off on time.飞机准时起飞了。
People go skating in winter.人们冬天去滑冰。
Do they work in the day time or at night？他们是白天工作还是夜里工作？
（2） before，after（注：两个既可以作介词又可以作连词）
A． before在……之前
Wash your hands before dinner.（before作介词）吃饭前请洗手。
He will call me before he leaves here/before ten o’clock.（前一个before作连词；后一个before作介词）他离开这儿之前/十点之前，将给我打电话。
B． after在……之后
Let’s sing some songs after school.（after作介词）放学后咱们唱歌吧！
Please close the door after you leave the room.（after作连词）离开房间后请关门。 （3） by，until/till
A. by 在……前（时间）；截止（到）……
How many English books had you read by the end of last year?
到去年年底以前你看过多少本英文书？
She had left by the time I arrived.我到时（之前）她已经走了。 例：by the end of在……底（之前） by then 到那时 by the time+从句 在……之前
B. until/till知道……为止（时间）
we didn’t begin to watch TV until/till nine o’clock.一直到九点，我们才开始看电视。（begin是点动词，所以用否定式） I will wait for him until he comes here.我将在这儿一直等到他来。
（4） for，during，through
A. for 达……之久（表示经过了多少时间）
可以和一般现在时、过去时、将来时连用，但经常和完成时连用。
He has lived here for 20 years.他在这儿已经住了二十年了。
We will stay in the city for two days.我们要在这座城市呆两天。
B. during在……期间
they are going to have a good rest during the summer holidays.暑假中他们打算好好休息一下。
C. through一直……（从开始到结束）
They played the cards through the night.他们打了一整夜的牌。
He stayed in London through the winter.他整个冬天都待在伦敦。 比较：for和during。for之后大多跟表示时间、具体天数等的数字名词。而during后决不能跟表数字的名词。
（5） from，since
A. from从……起（时间）
表示“从……开始”时，一般都是用词组from…to…，而单纯表示确切的“从几点开始”时用at。
The meeting will be held from eight to ten.这个会议将从8点开到10点。
The meeting will be held at eight.会议将从八点钟开始。
B. since自从……以来（表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续）
I have been sick since yesterday.我从昨天起就病了。（强调一直病到现在）
The doctor has saved a lot of lives since he became a doctor.（since作连词，引导时间状语从句）这个医生自从当医生以来已经拯救了许多人的生命。
（6） in，within
A. in过……后（未来时间）
大多用在将来时（一般将来时和过去将来时）。
in an hour一小时之后
in a week or so大约一星期之后
he will be back in five hours.他五小时之后回来。
They said they would arrive here in a week.他们说他们一周后到达。
注意：如果用于过去时，用after+时间。She went to Nanjing last May，and she came back after a month.去年五月她去了南京，一个月之后她又回来了。
B. within不超过……的范围
within 3 hours 3小时之内；within a week一周之内 I must finish painting the cat within five minutes.我必须在五分钟之内画好这只猫。
比较
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