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第一篇:《2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试自选模块测试试题(浙江卷)》

自选模块测试试题

题号:01 科目:语文

“中国古代诗歌散文欣赏”模块(10分)

阅读下面的散文,然后回答问题。

吃野菜说

[清]龚鼎孳

新雨后,绿芜如发,园蔬叶叶,青满畦径。启扉视之,知一年春事又将烂漫矣。家人间撷作羹,劣得一饱。野香拂拂,从匕箸间出,诚有如子瞻所谓饱霜雪之精、味含土膏①者。

独怜此物没蓬蒿中,与贫士为伍,寒窗一嚼,胜十日太牢②,甚不可进于达官贵人、钟鸣鼎食、芍药馔、朱砂羹之口。今中原嗷嗷,道殣相望,雁粪榆皮,所以仰以为命。甚且折骨解肢,与鸟鸢争攫啄之利。吁,可悲也!彼达官贵人日啖浓鲜、当翠袖,奉卮华茵,度梦时亦曾念及野人藜藿③不继无耶?

昔人曰:民不可有此色,士大夫不可无此味。知言哉!

注:①土膏:土地中的膏泽。②太牢:古时祭祀用的猪、牛、羊,泛指美味佳肴。③藜藿:野菜。

(1)结合全文,理解文中画线句子的含义。(4分)

(2)赏析这篇散文的写作特色。(6分)

初三作文

答案:(1)“色”指百姓的饥色,“味”表面指野菜之味,实指百姓的疾苦;文中将百姓饥寒交迫、民不聊生的残酷现实与权贵锦衣玉食的奢侈生活进行对比,借前人之口表达了作者希望士大夫能体察民情、关心百姓疾苦的愿望。

(2)选材切中时弊,具有鲜明的现实针对性;运用了借物托讽、对比等手法和卒章显志的结构形式;语言整散结合,形象生动,具有讽喻色彩。

题号:02 科目:语文

“中国现代诗歌散文欣赏”模块(10分)

阅读下面的诗歌,然后回答问题。

采采卷耳

采采卷耳,不盈顷筐。

嗟我怀人,寘彼周行。——《诗经·周南·卷耳》

用群山、河流和铁轨衡量我们之间的距离

三千诗句,算不算长?

我相信爱的辽阔一如采采卷耳

覆盖每一寸肌肤细微的感觉

每当老虎从白雪里跃出

我会获得释放,像蒲公英

散落四方

用地理和祖国容纳我们之间的落差

每一棵树木都是升起的太阳

每一只小兽都成为可爱的孩子

走在苍穹下

是什么在呼唤我的名字?

我相信爱的自由一如采采卷耳

当我抬头,那些洁白的云朵聚拢而来

挡住了倾斜的光线

(1)本诗以《诗经·周南·卷耳》为引子有什么作用?(4分)

(2)从意象、手法、结构中选择一个方面,结合具体诗句进行赏析。(6分)

答案:(1)点明题意,借助《诗经·周南·卷耳》所表达的古典情怀来传达诗人的怀人情感,使诗歌内涵深广,意境丰盈。(意思相近即可)

(2)示例:略。

1

朱巧玲

题号:03 科目:数学

“数学史与不等式选讲”模块(10分)

已知a∈R,设关于x的不等式|2x-a|+|x+3|≥2x+4的解集为A.

(1)若a=1,求A;

(2)若A=R,求a的取值范围。

答案:(1)当x≤-3时,原不等式化为-3x-2≥2x+4,得

x≤-3.

当-3<x≤1时,原不等式化为4-x≥2x+4,得 2

-3<x≤0.

当x>1时,原不等式化为3x+2≥2x+4,得 2

x≥2.

综上,A={x|x≤0或x≥2}

(2)当x≤-2时,|2x-a|+|x+3|≥0≥2x+4成立.

当x>-2时,

|2x-a|+x+3=|2x-a|+|x+3|≥2x+4,

得x≥a+1或x≤a1, 3

所以a+1≤-2或a+1≤a1,得a≤-2. 3

综上,a的取值范围为a≤-2.

题号:04 科目:数学

“矩阵与变换和坐标系与参数方程”模块(10分)

x2tcosα,(t为参数)与曲线C:x2cosθ,(θ为参数)相交于在直角坐标系xOy中,设倾斜角为α的直线l

:ytsinαysinθ

不同两点A、B.

描写伤心的句子

(1)若α=,求线段AB中点M的坐标; 3

(2)若|PA|·|PB|=|OP|2,其中P(2

求直线l的斜率.

答案:设直线l上的点A,B对应参数分别为t1,t2.将曲线C的参数方程化为普通方程

x2+y2=1. 4

(1)当α=π时,设点M对应参数为t0. 3

直线l方程为

1x2t,2(t为参数), y

2代入曲线C的普通方程x+y2=1,得 4

13t2+56t+48=0,

则

t0=t1t2=-2包粽子8, 213

所以,点M的坐标为(1213

2

2x2tcosα,x(2)

将代入曲线C的普通方程+y2=1,得 4ytsinα

(cos2α+4sin2α)t2+(

α+4cosα)t+12=0,

12因为|PA|·|PB|=|t1t2|=,|OP|2=7,所以

22cosα4sinα

(第04题图)

12=7, 22cosα4sinα

得tan2α=5. 16

由于Δ=32cosα(

α-cosα)>0,故tan

所以直线l

题号:05 科目:英语

阅读理解(分两节,共5小题;每小题2分,共10分)

阅读下面短文,并根据短文后的要求答题。

Some scientists believe that our brains may be hardwired(天生的) in ways that determine how happy we tend to be.Dr.Richard Davidson and his colleagues at the University of Wisconsin have found an arca in the front part of the brain that controls positive feelings,optimism,and happiness. ① Using functional MRI brain scans,they found that when mothers viewed photos of their babies,their brain activity increased greatly in this front brain region,as compared with the brain activity of mothers viewing photos of unfamiliar babies.

② For generally cheerful people,happiness is associated with a personality type that emphasizes

independence,self-respect,ability,and close relationships.

③ Although some people seek it through fancy vacations,expensive cars,jewelry,or other materialone,right,when,l,was,a,teenager,,my,friends,and,l,store,a,goose。

things,the excitement of these quick-fix satisfactions is generally short-lived.Sustained(持续的) contentment is more likely to result from healthy relationships and meaningful accomplishments.

④ Many people who survived the 9/11 disaster but were close enough to experience the destruction first-hand were shocked at the beginning,but they eventually got a clearer idea about what is truly important in their

lives—family,friends and sustaining a purpose in life.Through hardship,people often become more aware of their own survival skills,emotional strength,and power to help others as well as to be helped.Nobodys life is free of misfortune,but through hardship we can become more aware of little things we often forget to appreciate,and sometimes gain new positive ways of thinking and understandings for the future.

Dr.Ronnie Janoff-Bulman and colleagues at the University of Massachusetts have studied the way extreme life events—both positive and negative—may influence an individuals ability to enjoy sustained happiness and satisfaction.They compared the well-being of two groups:lottery winners and people who had suddenly become

disabled.Thought the lottery winners experienced initial excitement following their new wealth,in the long run many were no happier than the accident victims,in part because normal,everyday pleasures now paled next to the thrill of winning the “big one.”In contrast,many of the people who became disabled learned to adjust to their new

disabilities,and were eventually better able to appreciate small pleasures and accomplishments,as compared with those who became rich overnight in the study.

第一节 根据短文内容,从A、B、C、D和E中选出最适合填入短文空白处的选项,并将序号及相应答案写在答题纸上。选项中有一项是多余选项。

A.Keeping a positive attitude,like any other skill,can be learned.

B.Research also shows that joyful individuals share certain characteristics and habits.

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C.Surprisingly,a tragedy or loss can sometimes set individuals on a path to sustained happiness.

D.His group studied one of the most powerful positive sets of emotions—a mothers feelings toward her

newborn baby.

E.Fortunately,even if there is some hardwiring that determines how happy we tend to be,much of what

determines our happiness is under our own control.

第二节 根据短文所给的信息,用一个完整的句子回答下面的问题,并将序号及相应答案写在答题纸上。 ⑤How did Dr.Ronnie Janoff-Bulman and his colleagues carry out their research?

答案:第一节

①D ②B ③E ④C

第二节

题号:06 科目:英语

填空(共10小题;每小题1分,共10分)one,right,when,l,was,a,teenager,,my,friends,and,l,store,a,goose。

阅读下面的短文,在标有序号的空白处填入一个适当的词,或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式,并将序号及相应的答案写在答题纸上。

One night,when I was a teenager,my friends and I stole a goose from a lady who lived nearby.The next day we took it down by the river,near Dads farm,to cook it.The goose would need some salt,so I was elected to go into

Dads barn(谷仓) for it.Even the salt didnt help;we couldnt keep the fire hot enough for the goose to get totally ① (cook).

Despite our poor results.we ate some of the goose.Then one day word came to me ② the lady who owned the goose wanted to see me.“Rex.”she said,“Your mother is one of my dearest friends,and I know she would be saddened if I were to tell her that you stole my goose.You do not want to be known as a ③ ,so this will be our little ④ ,if you promise me youll never steal anything again.”Of course I promised.

After I had teenagers myself.I would often visit the Goose Lady,and each time I thanked her for ⑤ (teach) me the lesson of a lifetime.Before she died,she told me that,long ago,my father had come to her and said he had seen me take salt.He ⑥ me back to the river and witnessed the goose being cooked.She said,“Your father thought,and I ⑦ with him,that the message of ‘You shall not steal’ would be more impressive if ⑧ came from the lady you stole from. ⑨ than your parent.”

My father had died,and I was sad that he had never told me of his role in the story.But now I can only be thankful for a father ⑩ ,even when I didnt know it,was still watching out for me.

答案:①cooked ②that ③thief ④secret ⑤teaching(having taught) ⑥followed(tracked) ⑦agreed ⑧it ⑨rather

⑩who(that)

题号:07 科目:思想政治one,right,when,l,was,a,teenager,,my,friends,and,l,store,a,goose。

“经济学常识”模块(10分)

司马迁在《史记·货殖列传》中指出:自有文字记载以来,人们追求自我利益的本性从未改变。正是由于这种逐利本性,百姓日常所需物品的价格提高,市场上的供给会随之增加,价格下降供给会随之减少。这样,农民、手工业者、商人和管理人员可以各守其业,尽其能,得所欲,这一切就好像冥冥中有一个高明的指挥者在指挥他们这样做一样。因此,良好的政府应该对这种人类本性因势利导,有所规范,而不是与民争利。

结合材料,分析司马迁上述观点与斯密经济思想的相通之处。(10分)

答案:第一,司马迁和斯密都认为,利己是人的本性,追求个人利益是人们从事经济活动的动力。第二,他们都认为,市场是一只“看不见的手”,具有通过价格进行资源优化配置的积极作用。第三,他们都主张应该尊重市场,限制政府的作用。

4

解析:解答此题要注意材料中的关键词,也可以采用分层式分析法。“本性从未改变”导致在经济活动中不断逐利,体现了对人的本性的认识;“冥冥中有一个高明的指挥者”指的是市场这只“看不见的手”在起作用;良好的政府不“与民争利”,说明了要限制政府的作用。

题号:08 科目:思想政治

“生活中的法律常识”模块(10分)

张先生婚后多年无子,遂与李女士签订合同,约定李某和他生一个孩子,他支付给李某10万元。一年后,李某生下了她和张先生的孩子,但张先生在孩子出生前夕因车祸去世。孩子出生后不久,李某手持合同找到张先生的妻子王某,要求其如约支付报酬。王某认为该合同无效,拒绝支付。李某又提出孩子有继承张先生遗产的权利。王某称虽然孩子是张先生的骨肉,但张先生生前没有留下遗嘱,遗产怎么分配自己说了算。

结合所学法律知识,回答下列问题并分别说明理由。

(1)张先生和李某签订的合同是否有效?(5分)

(2)从实体法上说,该孩子是否有继承张先生遗产的权利?(5分)

答案:(1)无效。合同法规定,损害社会公共利益的合同无效。张先生与李某签订的合同损害了社会公共利益,因此无效。(或答:法律规定,有效合同要求订立合同的行为人具有相应的民事行为能力,外在表示行为与内心意思相一致,并遵守法律法规,尊重社会公德,不得扰乱社会经济秩序,不得损害社会公共利益。张先生和李某签订的合同违反了社会公德,损害了社会公共利益,因此无效。)

(2)有。我国婚姻法规定,父母和子女有相互继承遗产的权利;非婚生子女享有与婚生子女同等的权利。该孩子属于非婚生子女,和婚生子女同样享有继承张先生遗产的权利。

嘴角微微上扬

解析:第(1)问考查合同是否有效的条件,根据材料中签订合同所带来的社会后果,可以判断该劳动合同是否有效。第(2)问考查我国婚姻法的有关知识,根据婚姻法关于子女继承权的有关规定,对材料中非婚生子女享有继承权予以肯定。

题号:09 科目:历史

“历史上重大改革回眸”模块(10分)

阅读材料,回答问题。

材料一:(王安石)向皇帝保证任用熟于“理财”的人就能确保“民不加赋而国用饶”。司马光……认为,“理财”非古代的政府所为。政府应该确保它的政策不会妨碍人民使自己富裕起来。税收只是为了让政府能维持秩序。青苗钱破坏了富人必要的社会职能。——(美)包弼德《斯文:唐宋思想的转型》

材料二:王安石变法……有一个值得注意的问题,就是他更多地重视商品货币的作用……想尽量用经济的办法管理国家财政,反映了宋代商品货币在社会生活中的活跃,也证明王安石的变法思想和变法举措有很大的前瞻性。——马克垚《世界文明史》

(1)材料一中王安石、司马光围绕什么问题进行了激烈争论?结合所学,指出这一争论的实质,并回答变法触动了哪部分人的既得利益。(4分)

(2)王安石采取哪些措施确保“民不加赋而国用饶”?变法重视商品货币作用的原因是什么?(6分)

答案:(1)政府要不要“理财”。祖宗之法是否可变。触犯了大官僚大地主利益。

(2)措施:市易法、均输法、方田均税法、农田水利法、青苗法、免役法。

原因:宋代商品货币经济活跃;王安石有前瞻性。

解析:本题考查王安石变法的“理财”措施,“理财”是回答问题的切入点。第(1)问,依据材料信息,王安石主张政府“理财”,司马光认为“‘理财’非……政府行为”,可以看出争论的问题是政府要不要“理财”。另外两小问依据所学知识回答即可。第(2)问,注意从“理财”的角度回答王安石变法的措施。变法重视商品货币作用与宋代商品经济发展有关,也体现了王安石眼光的前瞻性。

题号:10 科目:历史

“世界文化遗产荟萃”模块(10分)

阅读材料,回答问题。

材料一:明清以来,山西这一带商贾之迹遍于全国。清代中叶,产生了一种专营钱钞汇兑业务的机构,称为票号,以后这个行业逐渐为山西人所包揽,后来它垄断了全国的汇兑业。——摘编自阮仪三《旧城新录》

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第二篇:《2013年绍兴一中阶段测试自选模块试题(一模)》

2013年第二学期绍兴一中阶段测试

自选模块试题

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